类别1  开头常用短语

It s said that...   据说……

As we all know that...   我们都知道……

It s well known that...   众所周知……

As/So far as I know...   据我所知……

It is clear/obvious that...   ……是显而易见的

类别2   表“结构顺序”

first/firstly   第一

first of all   首先

to begin/start with   首先

in the first place   首先

second/secondly   第二 

next   其次；然后

and then   于是；然后       

meanwhile/at the same time   同时

finally/eventually/at last/in the end   最终 

类别3   表“并列补充”

also/too/as well   也；同样；而且

both...and...   ……和……

either...or...   要么……要么……

neither...nor...   既不……也不……

not only...but also...   不但……而且……

besides    除此之外

moreover    另外；此外

in addition/additionally   加之；除……之外

by the way   顺便；顺便说

what's more   更重要的是；而且；此外

what's worse   更糟的是

as well as...    也；又；和；及

类别4   表“转折对比”

but   但是；而是

however   然而；不过

while   然而

instead   反而

otherwise/or else   否则；不然 

on the contrary/in contrast   相反地

in any case/at any rate   无论如何

some...while others...   一些人……另一些人……

on one hand...on the other hand...   一方面……另一方面……

类别5   表“因果关系”

because   因为

since   因为；既然

because of   因为

thanks to   多亏了

now that   既然；由于  

for this reason   由于这个原因

so   因而；这样；如此

thus   因此         

therefore   因此

as a result   结果；因此

so/such...that...   如此……以至于……

in order to/so that...   为了……

类别6   表“举例说明”

like   像；如同

such as   例如；像……这样 

for example/instance   例如；比如

类别7   表 “特别强调”

especially   尤其；特别

particularly   特别是

certainly/surely   当然    

indeed   确实；的确

obviously   显而易见

no doubt/without any doubt   毫无疑问

类别8   表“陈述事实/观点”

to be honest/to tell you the truth   说实话

actually/in fact/as a matter of fact   事实上      

I think...   依我看……

in my opinion   在我看来

as far as I know   据我所知

I m afraid...   我恐怕……

I hope...   我希望……

类别9   表“总结”

in a/one word   总而言之；简言之

in general   一般而言；总的来说

in short/brief   简而言之；总之

all in all   总的来说；大体而言

in summary  总之；概括来说

generally speaking   一般来说

above all   最重要；首先

after all   毕竟；终究

from the above  综上所述

1. the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)

Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen。海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

2.Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education。没有比接受教育更重要的事。

3.cannot emphasize the importance of……too much(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much。我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

4.There is no denying that + S + V……(不可否认的……)

例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse。不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

5.It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界都知道……)

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us。全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

6.There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫无疑问的……)

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired。毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

7.An advantage of is that + 句子(……的优点是……)

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won  t create(produce) any pollution。使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

8.The reason why + 句子is that + 句子(……的原因是……)

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provideus with fresh air。我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

9.So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此……以致于……)

例句：So precious is time that we can  t afford to waste it。时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。

10.Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然……)

例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by nomeans satisfactory。{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

11.The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + VThe + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V(愈……愈……)

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make。你愈努力，你愈进步。

12.By +Ving, can (借着……，……能够……)

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy。借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

13.enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (……使……能够……)

例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed。听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

14.On no account can we + V …… (我们绝对不能……)

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge。我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

15.It is time + S + 过去式 (该是……的时候了)

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solvethe traffic problems。该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

16.Those who …… (……的人……)

例句：Those who break the law should be punished。违法的人应该受处罚。

17.There is no one but …… (没有人不……)

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college。没有人不渴望上大学。

18.be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不……)

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled togive up doing sports。由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

19.It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life。可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

20.That is the reason why …… (那就是……的原因)

例句：Summer is hot.That is the reason why I don  t like it。夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

21.For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式。(过去……年来，……一直……)

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for theexamination。过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

22.Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard。自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

23.It pays to + V (……是值得的。)

例句：It pays to help others。帮助别人是值得的。

24.be based on (以……为基础)

例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony。社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

25.Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment。我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

26.bring home to + 人 + 事 (让……明白……事)

例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard。我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

27.be closely related to (与……息息相关)

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health。做运动与健康息息相关。

28.Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成……的习惯)

例句：We should get into the habit of previewing and reviewing。我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。

29.Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, (因为……)

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream。因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

30.What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么……!)

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!How important a thing is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！

31.Have a great influence on …… (对……有很大的影响)

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health。抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

32.do good to (对……有益)，do harm to (对……有害)

例句：Reading does good to our mind。读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health。工作过度对健康有害。

33.Pose a great threat to (对……造成一大威胁)

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence。污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

34.do one  s utmost to + V = do one  s best (尽全力去……)

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life。我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

35.Among various kinds of …，…= Of all the …， … 在各种…之中？…

例句：Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular。在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

36.In my opinion， …= To my mind， …= As far as I am concerned， …= I am of the opinion that子句 就我的看法…;我认为…

例句：In my opinion, playing copmuter games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health。就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

37.Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than …在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。

例句：Of all the people I know，perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Wang, my English teacher。在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师王老师更值得我尊敬。

38.据说… It is said (that)子句

一般认为… It is thought (that)子句

大家都知道… It is known (that)子句

据报导… It is reported (that)子句

一般预料… It is expected (that)子句

据估计… It is estimated (that)子句

一般相信… It is believed (that)子句

例句：It  s known that Hangzhou is a beautiful city。众所周知杭州是座美丽的城市。