英语动词的过去式分为规则变化与不规则变化，其中不规则动词没有统一的变形规律，需要结合发音和用法重点记忆。
以下整理了小学至初中阶段最常用的不规则动词及其过去式，按变形特点分类，方便背诵与复习。
一、 原形与过去式完全相同
这类动词的原形和过去式写法、发音完全一致，无需额外变形。
cut — cut
put — put
read — read（发音有变化，原形 /riːd/，过去式 /red/）
let — let set — set cost — cost
hit — hit hurt — hurt
二、 原形、过去式元音字母变化
这类动词的变形核心是元音字母（a/e/i/o/u）的替换，是不规则动词中数量最多的类别。
1. 元音字母 a → o
take — took
make — made
stand — stood
understand — understood
2. 元音字母 i → a
sing — sang
ring — rang
swim — swam
begin — began
3. 元音字母组合 ee → e
meet — met
feed — fed
keep — kept
sleep — slept
4. 其他元音变化
write — wrote
ride — rode
drive — drove
eat — ate
see — saw
come — came
run — ran
三、 过去式以 -ought/-aught 结尾
这类动词的过去式结尾固定，发音顺口，可归类记忆。
think — thought
buy — bought
bring — brought
fight — fought
catch — caught
teach — taught
四、 特殊变形类
这类动词的过去式和原形差异较大，没有明显规律，需要单独强化记忆。
go — went
do — did
have — had
say — said
tell — told
get — got
find — found
wear — wore
speak — spoke
常见不规则动词过去式的速记思维导图
